Exercises › Module 03
C2 Blueprint Review
An AI-assisted exercise on offensive infrastructure planning and operational discipline. Suggested time: about 40 minutes.
Goal
Use an AI assistant to draft a fictional, authorized red-team command-and-control (C2) build plan, then grade that plan against the six C2 setup rules from the module. A plan is a document, not infrastructure: you are reviewing design decisions for operational-security mistakes, nothing gets deployed, scanned, or built.
Safety rules
- Everything is fictional and for an authorized lab only: Halden Freight Systems (client), Nightjar Offensive Group (red team firm), engaged under a signed statement of work.
- Use only
.exampledomains and documentation IP ranges (192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24). - This is a planning-document review. Never deploy real C2, redirectors, implants, or cloud infrastructure. No tool commands, no payloads, no exploit code.
- Never paste real client data, real domains, or real credentials into any AI tool.
1 Generate the C2 build plan
Paste this into your AI assistant. It drafts the engagement summary and a C2 build plan. Save the output before moving on.
You are helping me build a fictional training case for an ethical hacking class. Everything must be invented and describes a planning document only; do not output tool commands, payload code, or real tools' configuration. The client is 'Halden Freight Systems', a fictional logistics company, engaged under a signed statement of work. The red team firm is 'Nightjar Offensive Group'. Use only .example domains (e.g., cdn-halden-update.example) and documentation IP addresses (192.0.2.x, 198.51.100.x, 203.0.113.x). No real companies, people, products, or providers. Write a 'C2 Infrastructure Build Plan' for this authorized engagement, as if drafted by a junior operator. Include these sections: 1) Engagement Summary: client, authorization reference, dates, and the agreed objective. 2) Infrastructure Inventory: a table of planned components (domains, redirectors, team server, cloud hosting account, TLS certificates, C2 framework choice) with a one-line purpose for each. Reference the cloud hosting account by a label. 3) Channel Design: which C2 channels are planned and how check-in versus file-transfer traffic is handled. 4) Operational Notes: 4-6 short bullets on domain categorization, traffic shaping, and cleanup. IMPORTANT, do not label, flag, or hint at these anywhere, and write them as if they were normal, reasonable choices: - In the Infrastructure Inventory, the cloud hosting account must be described as the firm's standard shared cloud account that is also currently hosting infrastructure for two other active client engagements. - In the Infrastructure Inventory, the TLS certificate for the C2 domain must be a self-signed certificate generated by the operator (phrase it as a convenient, quick option). - Every other choice should be sound and consistent with good C2 tradecraft (dedicated redirectors, early domain categorization, segmented channels, realistic traffic profile).
Tip: if the AI labels or flags either planted choice, ask it to regenerate the plan without flags, or swap plans with a partner.
2 Grade the plan with AI against the six rules
The module gives six C2 setup rules. Ask the AI to grade the plan against them.
Act as the engagement lead at Nightjar Offensive Group reviewing this build plan. Grade it against these six C2 setup rules, one at a time. For each rule, state Pass or Fail and quote the part of the plan that supports your call: 1) Acquire non-attributable infrastructure: accounts and payment are separated from the firm's and client's identity, and nothing is reused across engagements. 2) Get domains categorized early: domains are submitted to web-filtering services before use so they resolve as a benign category. 3) Front the team server with redirectors: a disposable redirector sits between the internet and the real team server; only the redirector is exposed. 4) Match TLS to the cover story: a real, trusted certificate is issued so C2 traffic looks like ordinary HTTPS, not a self-signed anomaly. 5) Segment channels by function: short-haul check-in traffic and long-haul file-transfer traffic run on separate domains/IPs. 6) Configure a realistic traffic profile: beacon traffic is shaped to resemble the target environment's normal application traffic, not C2 defaults. Then give an overall go/no-go and list required fixes before deployment.
Watch rules 1 and 4. The AI may gloss over the shared account or call a self-signed cert "fine for internal use".
3 Review it yourself, then fix it
Do this review yourself before you trust the AI's grade:
- Walk the Infrastructure Inventory line by line. For the cloud account, ask: is it dedicated to this engagement, or shared with other clients? Shared infrastructure breaks non-attribution and can cross-contaminate engagements.
- Find the TLS certificate. Is it a real, trusted certificate, or self-signed? A self-signed cert on a C2 domain is an anomaly that stands out in TLS inspection.
- Confirm the sound choices really are sound: dedicated redirector in front of the team server, domains categorized before use, channels segmented, realistic traffic profile.
- Stretch goal: name one real-world consequence for each of the two broken rules (what a blue team or a second client could discover).
Then fill in the brackets and run:
Revise the C2 build plan: 1) The cloud hosting account [account label] is shared with other active engagements, which breaks non-attributable infrastructure. Replace it with a dedicated account and payment method used only for this engagement, and add a note that infrastructure is never reused across clients. 2) The TLS certificate for the C2 domain is self-signed. Replace it with a real certificate from a trusted CA that matches the cover story, so the traffic looks like ordinary HTTPS. 3) Re-grade the plan against the six rules and give an updated go/no-go.
Re-read the revision. The AI sometimes fixes the wording but leaves the shared account referenced elsewhere in the plan.
Review checklist
- Each of the six C2 setup rules has an explicit Pass or Fail backed by a quote from the plan.
- The shared cloud account is caught as a non-attribution failure (Rule 1) and replaced with a dedicated account.
- The self-signed certificate is caught as a TLS/cover-story failure (Rule 4) and replaced with a trusted CA certificate.
- The sound choices (redirectors, categorization, segmentation, traffic profile) are confirmed as passing, not "fixed" unnecessarily.
- The final go/no-go matches the regraded rules.
Deliverables
- Completed six-rule grading table (Pass/Fail with supporting quotes)
- Corrected C2 build plan
- Final go/no-go decision
- Two sentences: which two rules the original plan failed and the real-world consequence of each
Grading rubric (10 pts)
| Criterion | Pts |
|---|---|
| Shared cloud account identified as a Rule 1 (non-attribution) failure, with reasoning | 3 |
| Self-signed certificate identified as a Rule 4 (TLS cover-story) failure, with reasoning | 3 |
| All six rules graded Pass/Fail consistently with supporting evidence from the plan | 2 |
| Corrected plan and final go/no-go are clear, consistent, and actionable | 2 |
Answer key (spoilers: finish the exercise first)
What a correct submission shows
- Rule 1 — Fail: the plan reuses the firm's standard shared cloud account across multiple active engagements. This breaks non-attributable infrastructure. Fix: a dedicated account and payment method per engagement, never reused.
- Rule 4 — Fail: the C2 domain uses a self-signed TLS certificate. That is a visible anomaly under TLS inspection. Fix: a real certificate from a trusted CA that matches the HTTPS cover story.
- Rules 2, 3, 5, 6 — Pass: domains categorized early, a disposable redirector fronts the team server, channels segmented by function, and a realistic traffic profile. These should be confirmed, not changed.
- The final go/no-go is "no-go until the two failures are fixed," then go.
Why it matters
- Non-attribution: shared infrastructure links engagements together. If one client's blue team burns the account, two other clients' operations are exposed, and attribution back to the firm becomes trivial.
- Cover story: a self-signed certificate is exactly the kind of outlier that network defenders and TLS-inspecting proxies flag. The point of C2 is to blend in; a self-signed cert does the opposite.
- AI lesson: AI is great at drafting and structuring a plan, but operational-security judgment, the "is this reused?" and "does this blend in?" questions, stays with the operator.
Common mistakes
- Accepting the AI's grade without reading the inventory line by line.
- Calling the self-signed cert "fine" because the lab is internal.
- Missing the shared account because it reads as a normal, efficient choice.
- "Fixing" the sound choices (redirectors, segmentation) and missing the two real failures.
Instructor variant (same answer for everyone)
Add this line to the Step 1 prompt and hand out the plan:
The shared cloud account must be labeled 'NOG-Cloud-Shared-01' and described as currently hosting infrastructure for the Meridian and Alderpoint engagements. The self-signed certificate must be on the C2 domain cdn-halden-update.example.
Answer: Rule 1 fails (NOG-Cloud-Shared-01 is reused across clients) and Rule 4 fails (self-signed cert on cdn-halden-update.example). All four other rules pass.
